Log Base 10 Calculator

What is Log Base 10?

The common logarithm (log base 10) is the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain a given number. If log₁₀(x) = y, then 10^y = x.

How to Use This Calculator

1. Select your calculation mode: Choose from Calculate Log₁₀, Antilog, or Solve Equation
2. Enter your value: Input the number you want to calculate
3. View instant results: See the result with step-by-step explanation
4. Explore properties: Learn logarithm rules and applications

Key Formulas

Logarithm Definition

• If 10^y = x, then log₁₀(x) = y
• Example: log₁₀(1000) = 3 because 10³ = 1000

Antilogarithm (Inverse)

• If log₁₀(x) = y, then x = 10^y
• Example: antilog(2) = 10² = 100

Logarithm Properties

Product Rule

log₁₀(xy) = log₁₀(x) + log₁₀(y)

Quotient Rule

log₁₀(x/y) = log₁₀(x) - log₁₀(y)

Power Rule

log₁₀(x^n) = n × log₁₀(x)

Change of Base

log_b(x) = log₁₀(x) / log₁₀(b)

Real-World Applications

Decibel Scale (Sound)

Sound intensity is measured in decibels: dB = 10 × log₁₀(I/I₀)

Richter Scale (Earthquakes)

Earthquake magnitude uses logarithms: each whole number increase represents 10× more amplitude.

pH Scale (Chemistry)

pH = -log₁₀[H⁺], where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration.

Scientific Notation

log₁₀ helps determine the order of magnitude of numbers.

Common Values

Note: Logarithms are only defined for positive numbers. log₁₀(0) and log₁₀(negative) are undefined in real numbers.