Molarity Calculator
Calculate solution concentration, moles, volume, and perform dilution calculations
Molarity Formula
M = n / V
Molarity = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution
Current Formula:
Result
Step-by-Step Solution
Common Laboratory Solutions
| Solution | Molarity |
|---|---|
Common Compounds
| Formula | Name | Molar Mass |
|---|---|---|
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About Molarity Calculator
What is Molarity?
Molarity (M) is a measure of the concentration of a solution, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. It is one of the most commonly used units of concentration in chemistry.
Molarity Formula: M = n / V
Where:
- M = Molarity (mol/L or M)
- n = number of moles of solute (mol)
- V = volume of solution (L)
How to Use This Calculator
- Select calculation mode: Choose what you want to calculate (molarity, moles, volume, from mass, or dilution)
- Enter your values: Input the known quantities
- Get instant results: See the answer with step-by-step explanation
Key Formulas
Calculate Molarity
M = n / V
Molarity equals moles divided by volume in liters.
Calculate Moles
n = M × V
Moles equals molarity times volume.
Calculate Volume
V = n / M
Volume equals moles divided by molarity.
From Mass
M = (mass / molar mass) / V
First convert mass to moles using molar mass, then divide by volume.
Dilution Formula
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
The product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume.
Examples
Example 1: Calculate Molarity
What is the molarity of a solution containing 2 moles of NaCl in 500 mL of solution?
- Convert volume: 500 mL = 0.5 L
- M = 2 mol / 0.5 L = 4 M
Example 2: Dilution Calculation
How much water should be added to dilute 100 mL of 6M HCl to make 2M HCl?
- Using M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
- 6M × 100 mL = 2M × V₂
- V₂ = 300 mL
- Add 200 mL of water
Common Laboratory Solutions
| Solution | Typical Concentration |
|---|---|
| Concentrated HCl | 12 M |
| Concentrated H₂SO₄ | 18 M |
| Concentrated HNO₃ | 16 M |
| Concentrated NaOH | 19 M |
| Saline (NaCl) | 0.154 M (0.9%) |
| Household bleach (NaOCl) | ~0.8 M |
Applications
- Laboratory Preparations: Preparing solutions of specific concentrations
- Chemical Analysis: Titrations and quantitative analysis
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Drug formulation and dosing
- Educational Settings: Chemistry coursework and experiments
- Industrial Processes: Manufacturing and quality control
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between molarity and molality?
Molarity (M) is moles per liter of solution, while molality (m) is moles per kilogram of solvent. Molarity changes with temperature because volume changes, but molality doesn't.
Why is molarity important?
Molarity allows chemists to know exactly how many molecules or ions are present in a given volume, which is essential for stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions.
Can molarity be greater than the number of moles?
Yes, when the volume is less than 1 liter. For example, 2 moles in 0.5 L gives 4 M.
Tip: Always make sure your volume is in liters before calculating molarity! A common mistake is using milliliters without converting.