Resistor Calculator

Calculate resistor values from color bands and vice versa

Resistor Preview

1st 2nd 3rd Mult Tol TC

ppm/°C

Ω

Enter value in ohms (e.g., 4700 for 4.7kΩ)

Resistance Value

±%

Exact Value

Min Value

Max Value

Color Code

×
±

Color Code Reference

Color Digit Multiplier Tolerance

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About Resistor Calculator

The Resistor Calculator is an essential electronics tool that helps engineers, hobbyists, and students decode resistor color codes and calculate resistance values. Understanding resistor color bands is fundamental to working with electronic circuits.

How Resistor Color Codes Work

Color Code System

Resistors use colored bands to indicate their resistance value and tolerance. Each color represents a specific number or multiplier.

Color Digit Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 1Ω (×1) -
Brown 1 10Ω (×10) ±1%
Red 2 100Ω (×100) ±2%
Orange 3 1kΩ (×1,000) ±0.05%
Yellow 4 10kΩ (×10,000) ±0.02%
Green 5 100kΩ (×100,000) ±0.5%
Blue 6 1MΩ (×1,000,000) ±0.25%
Violet 7 10MΩ (×10,000,000) ±0.1%
Gray 8 100MΩ (×100,000,000) ±0.01%
White 9 1GΩ (×1,000,000,000) -
Gold - 0.1Ω (×0.1) ±5%
Silver - 0.01Ω (×0.01) ±10%
None - - ±20%

4-Band Resistors

The most common type of resistor:

  • Band 1: First significant digit
  • Band 2: Second significant digit
  • Band 3: Multiplier
  • Band 4: Tolerance

Example: Red-Violet-Orange-Gold = 27 × 1,000 = 27,000Ω (27kΩ) ±5%

5-Band Resistors

More precise resistors with an additional digit:

  • Band 1: First significant digit
  • Band 2: Second significant digit
  • Band 3: Third significant digit
  • Band 4: Multiplier
  • Band 5: Tolerance

Example: Brown-Black-Black-Red-Brown = 100 × 100 = 10,000Ω (10kΩ) ±1%

6-Band Resistors

High-precision resistors with temperature coefficient:

  • Band 1-3: Three significant digits
  • Band 4: Multiplier
  • Band 5: Tolerance
  • Band 6: Temperature coefficient (ppm/°C)

Reading Resistor Color Codes

Tips for Identification

  1. Find the tolerance band: Usually Gold, Silver, or wider/spaced band
  2. Orient correctly: Tolerance band should be on the right
  3. Read left to right: Start from the band closest to the edge
  4. Use good lighting: Colors can be hard to distinguish in poor light

Common Mistakes

  • Confusing Red and Orange
  • Mixing up Blue and Violet
  • Reading bands in reverse order
  • Missing the tolerance band entirely

Standard Resistor Values (E-Series)

E12 Series (10% tolerance)

1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 6.8, 8.2

E24 Series (5% tolerance)

Includes E12 values plus: 1.1, 1.3, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6, 4.3, 5.1, 6.2, 7.5, 9.1

E96 Series (1% tolerance)

96 values per decade for high-precision applications

Frequently Asked Questions

What if there's no tolerance band?

No tolerance band typically means ±20% tolerance (very old or carbon composition resistors).

How do I know if it's a 4-band or 5-band resistor?

The gap between the multiplier and tolerance bands is usually larger. 5-band resistors also tend to have more precise tolerance markings.

Why do resistors have color codes?

Color codes are easier to read on small components from any angle, unlike printed numbers which might be obscured.

What is the temperature coefficient?

It indicates how much the resistance changes with temperature, measured in parts per million per degree Celsius (ppm/°C).

Note: This calculator provides standard resistor color code values. Always verify critical resistor values with a multimeter for precision applications.

Reading Resistor Mnemonic

Common memory aid for color order:

Bad Beer Rots Our Young Guts But Vodka Goes Well

Black (0), Brown (1), Red (2), Orange (3), Yellow (4), Green (5), Blue (6), Violet (7), Gray (8), White (9)